UGC regulations governing Open and Distance Learning (ODL) and Online Learning (OL) programmes. It explores the constitutional validity of accreditation requirements imposed on Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs), particularly focusing on issues raised by skill universities.

Accreditation Requirements UGC mandates HEIs to meet specific NAAC accreditation scores or NIRF rankings to offer ODL and OL programmes. Critics argue these requirements are arbitrary, especially for skill-focused institutions.

Programme Validation HEIs must have previously conducted programmes in face-to-face modes, raising concerns about practicality and fairness.

Constitutional Challenge Petitioners challenge the constitutionality of these requirements, citing the unique educational goals of skill universities and historical policy recommendations.

Legal Framework and Regulatory Evolution The document discusses the UGC Act's regulatory framework, roles of educational bodies, and the evolution of distance education regulations.

Challenges Highlighted Issues with NAAC accreditation processes for skill universities are highlighted, along with stakeholder efforts for reform.

Legal Proceedings and Findings Courts upheld the constitutional validity of accreditation requirements but recognized disparities in their applicability. They directed UGC to ensure fair treatment of skill universities.

Specific Directions and Court's Ruling Skill universities were permitted to offer ODL and OL programmes without immediate NAAC accreditation, contingent on compliance with other regulations. UGC was tasked to streamline processes and consider new accreditation criteria.

Conclusion Aims to rectify accreditation anomalies for skill universities while upholding constitutional principles and ensuring equitable treatment in ODL and OL programme offerings.